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Myopia control refers to the various techniques and treatments aimed at slowing down or halting the progression of myopia (nearsightedness). It is important because high degrees of myopia can increase the risk of eye diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal detachment later in life.

Myopia control works by employing different strategies to modify the growth and elongation of the eyeball, which is the underlying cause of myopia progression. These strategies may include the use of specific contact lenses, orthokeratology, pharmacological interventions, and lifestyle changes.

Myopia control should ideally be started in childhood or early adolescence, as this is the period when most individuals experience rapid myopia progression. However, myopia control can also be effective for adults, although the progression may be slower.

Several methods of myopia control are available, including multifocal contact lenses, orthokeratology (corneal reshaping lenses), atropine eye drops, and peripheral defocus modifying glasses. Each method has its own advantages, and the most suitable option can be determined based on factors such as age and lifestyle.

While myopia control methods are generally considered safe, some treatments may have potential risks or side effects. For example, orthokeratology lenses can cause temporary discomfort and increase the risk of corneal infections if not properly maintained. Atropine eye drops may cause light sensitivity and near vision blur. It is crucial to consult with an eye care professional to understand and minimize any potential risks.

While myopia control methods have been successful in slowing down myopia progression, they may not completely stop it. The degree of effectiveness may vary depending on factors such as the age of the individual, the severity of myopia, and the chosen method of control.

The time required to see results from myopia control methods can vary. Some individuals may experience a significant reduction in myopia progression within a few months, while for others, it may take longer. Regular monitoring by an eye care professional is necessary to assess the effectiveness of the chosen myopia control method.

Myopia control methods are primarily focused on children and teenagers because they are more likely to experience rapid myopia progression. However, myopia control can also be beneficial for adults, especially for those who have moderate to high degrees of myopia.

The need for glasses or contact lenses as a part of myopia control depends on the chosen method. For example, some methods like multifocal contact lenses or orthokeratology require the use of specific lenses, while others like atropine eye drops or peripheral defocus modifying glasses may not necessitate additional vision correction.

In addition to specific treatments, certain lifestyle changes can contribute to myopia control. These may include spending more time outdoors, taking frequent breaks from near work (such as reading or using digital devices), maintaining good lighting conditions, and practicing proper eye hygiene. These habits can help alleviate eye strain and potentially reduce myopia progression.